ATOMS | My Journey In Science 4

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Today, we discussed about the Atoms. We started our meeting with a prayer led by Sir Mariano. After that, we started our lesson. This is our first lesson in second grading. We haven't finished our previous lesson because we had our academic break last week. 

Our teacher assigned us an assignment days before we had a meeting. If you want to check it, click the link. 

Today we discussed about John Dalton, Atomic Structure of an Atom, Planetary Model of an Atom, Bohr- Sommerfeld Atomic Model and computation of numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic mass and atomic number. 





JOHN DALTON

John Dalton is a chemist, physicist, and a meteorology. He believes that all matter is made up of atoms and atoms of an element are identical. One of his atomic theory includes that each element has different atoms and atoms can be engage in a chemical reactions. 








STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM





The structure of an Atom includes Neutron, Electron and Proton. Neutron has no change, has a relative mass of 1 and found inside the nucleus.While, Electron has a negative charge and found outside the nucleus. 








PLANETARY MODEL OF AN ATOM




The Rutherford model had orbiting electrons moving around the massive nucleus of the atom. However, James Maxwell had already shown that a charged particle moving through an electromagnetic field would continuously radiate energy. This would eventually cause the atom to lose all of its energy. In that case, the atom would no longer exist as an atom and matter would collapse. Rutherford was unable to explain how this would not occur in his model of the atom.



BOHR-SOMMERFELD ATOMIC MODEL


Years have passed and further experiments have shown that Bohr's atom seemed too simple to describe the heavier elements. In fact, the spectral lines did not appear correct when a strong magnetic field influenced the atoms. Bohr and Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, a famous German theoretical physicist, expanded their studies to enhance Bohr's model of an atom. Sommerfeld studied carefully the spectral lines of hydrogen (the simplest atom). He noticed that a single line in the spectrum really consists of a number of lines close together. His solution was to assume that electrons moved in elliptical rather than circular orbits. Sommerfeld introduced the concept of elliptical orbits. 

In fact, three refinements in Bohr's atom were worked out by Sommerfeld: (a) the introduction of elliptical orbits; (b)allowance for an orbiting motion of the electrons; and (c) the consideration of relativistic mass effects.



COMPUTING THE ATOM OF AN ELEMENT



The Atomic Number has the same amount with the Protons and the Electrons. 

To get the mass number you need to add the number of protons and the number of neutrons. 

To get the neutrons, you need to substract the number of protons and the number of atomic mass.




I learned so many lessons about the Atom. I had fun solving or computing on how to get the atom of an element. And also, I had fun knowing the theories behind the Atomic Models. It's nice knowing the people behind this theory. Rutherford, Bohr, Planck, and Sommerfeld. It's kinda hard to understand but if you really want to know about it, you'll work hard. 






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